Universal Motor :
Universal motor is one of the type of AC motor, which can works well in both AC and DC power supply. The winding of this type motor will be in series,(i.e.,) the armature winding and field winding are connected in series with the power source. Now a days most of the universal motors are constructed to operate in high speed, (i.e.,) 3600 rpm. The speed of the motor is low, when connected with AC supply than in the DC supply, were voltage drop is present in AC supply and not in DC supply.
Construction :
The construction of Universal motor is as same as the DC series motor. The whole parts of Universal motor is surrounded by lamination. Laminated iron core is used to reduce the loss of eddy current during AC operation. The wound type armature having straight slots and the commutator consists of brushes which is rest on it. In AC supply, the commutation is poor than in the DC supply because the armature coil is induced by the curve.
Working :
Universal motor basically works either in both AC and DC power supply. It does not work in three phase, because due to high voltage it gets head and burnt. The process of Universal motor is as same as the DC motor. There will be some interaction between flux due to field winding to armature winding, directional torque is produced which causes the rotor to rotate. When AC supply is fed up, then it produces unidirectional torque. Since it was connected in series in single phase supply.
Advantages :
- Universal motor is used in many of the home applications. Some of them are vacuum cleaner, food mixer, domestic sewing machine, etc,…
- The high rating universal motor are used in drillers, blades, etc,…
- It has good torque at low speeds. This makes it useful in e.g. mains operated hand held power tool.
- Can run from AC or DC supplies.
- Is a cheap motor.
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