eTech Grid

APPLE LAUNCHES ITS FASHIONABLE WATCH

S Boopathy Raja 0 upcoming products 03:45

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<b>APPLE LAUNCHES THE RUMORS ABOUT WATCHES</b></div>
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Apple watch was one of the most awesome product for wrist.
Its more fashionable in this modern world. The features also programmed as much
as possible for showing this as a great one. The color of this product consists
of many. There are SIX different types of straps which is easy to interchange one
to another. The product will be available on markets in few months. The price
expectation of this product is above $349.</div>
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<b>About Watch: </b></div>
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After a long time, Apple revealed its secret by launching
the wearable product called iWatch. Apple makes decision to keep its own symbol
for the iWatch. According to the designer of Apple, it has been working since
2011 for developing watch. </div>
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There are two sizes of watches, which are going to be launch
in future. Sizes are approximately 38mm and 42mm(1.5 inches and 1.7 inches).
The first one will have a resolution of 272* 340, and other will have 312*390
display.  The size of the watch is
46mm(1.8 inches). Apple has revealed the height of its new smart watch screen with
which, we cannot accurately determined the pixels per inch. </div>
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The different casing materials which shows the
watch modern, and six interchangeable band options are available.  The band option starts will simple and ends
with luxury according to their tastes. The price of this product starts from
$349. And it will be launched between April and May.</div>
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<b>Design :</b></div>
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In Apple Fashion world, it introduced iWatch partnering with
French design named Boutique Colette to have a day preview of iWatch. Not only
the French design, but also Apple will get the partnership of more designers to
enhance the device. To your imagination, Apple concludes the watch design. It
drags the inspiration from iPod Nano. It will be ion strengthened or flexible
display. It is a rectangular-shaped screen with one knob and a button. </div>
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<b>Body of a watch :  </b></div>
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The display is covered by stainless steel and aluminum.
Apart from version of Apple Sport and Apple Watch, a special watch made using
mixes of 18-karat rose gold or yellow for fashionable look. It similarly looks
like iPhone 6.  It does not have round
shape display like MOTO 360. </div>
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Following Apple, it launches a watch with many appearances.
One can access it quick and easy, bcz of its way were the apps are programmed
in it. Considering all other watches, it carefully considered the people
communicates with this Apple Watch. By developing an exclusive operating system
for watch, and the input methods are also exclusive for this device. The knob
called Digital Crown which is located in the right side of the watch, which is
used to scroll,  or selecting an element
on the watch without touching a display. It also gives out the home screen of
the watch. </div>
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The second button called physical button, which is located
below of knob. It allows the user to bring out contacts which is already saved.
Through this contact, one can send messages , quick drawings, emoji, and a
heart beat. It can be drawn directly in the display. It also includes sensor. </div>
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The other advantages of this watch is used to determine the
pressure using pressure sensing technology which is named as Force Touch. It
also encloses to verify difference between a Touch and a Press on a display. An
exclusive notification which allows pass on it by a suitable vibration using a
new engine named “Taptic”. </div>
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There are numerous different sensors were build in this
device , which consent to measure metrics, burned calories, and pulse rate. The
two related app which is used to provide a overall info as a picture of their
daily action. iWatch entails iPhone to function. It shows notification like
messages where iPhone receives. </div>
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<b>Battery Life :</b></div>
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There are many features in this device, like mobile phones.
So it requires battery backup. It is a rechargeable watch. One of the major
question among the people is battery life. Now the rumor about this watch
battery stands by a day. But it could be improved before launching . </div>
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<b>Expected Price : </b></div>
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Like other rumors of this device, the price also rumoring in
and around the world. by little information about the watch price notifies by
the amount of $349. This is the staring price of iWatch. </div>
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<b>Time :</b></div>
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 The time of the watch
was designed for accurate time period. The maximum error occurs only with in
50 milliseconds. It automatically checks the global timings for regular footing.
It automatically saves the time zone while the customer travels to another
zone. Apple has center of attention for different faces of the watch heads. </div>
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<b>Watch OS :</b></div>
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 The operating system
of this device is entirely different from others. It can be connected with
iPhone’s for receiving notifications, which is named as iOS 7 and iOS 8. It has
several features life watch face, home screen, etc,.  </div>
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The home screen can be accessed by pressing the knob i.e., digital
crown. Again pressing the same,  all
existing applications will be displayed in cluster format. Which can be
navigated by a swipe or by using a digital crown. </div>
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The fitness app is divided into two which has been designed
for different fitness of a human body. The activity application reads the daily
fitness level of the user.</div>
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<b>Other apps : </b></div>
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By signing into an email, user can get notifications in
watch, and it can be assign as unread or read. But through this device, the
user cannot reply to the mail. By connecting to iPhone, he/she can reply.  The other app such as Calendar, Maps,
Passbook, Music, Apple TV, Camera/Photos, Clock, Weather, Settings. </div>
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Its going to be launch in upcoming months.</div>
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APPLE LAUNCHES ITS FASHIONABLE WATCH

APPLE LAUNCHES THE RUMORS ABOUT WATCHES Apple watch was one of the most awesome product for wrist. Its more fashionable in this moder...

Video Shooting light for IPhones

Unknown 0 Mobile Accessories 06:34

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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Video Shooting </b></span><b style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">light (</b><b style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">LED) in Warm White for i phone 5s, 5c ,5</b></div>
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 This is the article
about one of the accessories of Apple(I phone). At night, most of them can’t
shoot their  videos clearly. Because
there is no brightness , even though the mobile consists of flash. While
capture a images, mobile flash light is enough for high performance and
clarity. But for  continuous usage of
flash light(glowing light continuously) is impossible for video shooting, it
results in low battery. While in a travel for a day or more, the battery charge
should be must. So avoid using mobile flash and instead of that, prefer this
video shooting light.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKHIdbvSACi6KJaPOX_W50PBGo1pEP0yshyphenhyphenghf5t8b7J_F6OYIgLd0Uil6RGghboLKToCNVoWV4-3VVvi2vNFQhacwS8_nKO7GYqOoDJEGSe9zBG-LocmKJwLd2gmrk4WLWrTz7uiv1pvQ/s1600/images+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKHIdbvSACi6KJaPOX_W50PBGo1pEP0yshyphenhyphenghf5t8b7J_F6OYIgLd0Uil6RGghboLKToCNVoWV4-3VVvi2vNFQhacwS8_nKO7GYqOoDJEGSe9zBG-LocmKJwLd2gmrk4WLWrTz7uiv1pvQ/s1600/images+1.jpg" /></a></div>
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This video shooting light is only for 3 model  of IPhone series. They are IPhone 5S, IPhone
5C, IPhone 5. These three mobile phones can save their battery charge by using
video shooting light during shooting at night. It is the best product for
IPhone series for more brightness  at
night. </div>
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This light consists of own battery for led’s glowing, and
portable at any of the places. It can be charged using USB cables with adaptor.
The battery capacity is more for this video shooting light.</div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Specifications :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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  Classification : The product type is classified by only a type. This can
be used only for video shooting mode and not used for capturing purpose. As a
flash is enough for capturing purpose. By using this video shooting light, the
user will be satisfied during video shooting 
mode.</div>
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Compatible Models : At present, this video shooting light is released
only for I-Phone 5S, I-Phone  5C,
I-Phone 5. In future, it is possible for launching this accessories for
other  I-Phone series. This will be the
best accessory for video shooting at night.</div>
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Details of Light :  The type of
light source used here is LED(Light Emitting Diode). It is one of the upcoming
light source in the world. It has more advantages than other light sources. It
cheaper and emits more brightness.  There
are totally 32 LED’s in the video shooting light. Using 32 LED’s in this
product, emits more brightness , while video shooting a night. The color of
light source is 5200k. That means, it approximately emits white color. The
lumens of this product is 330LM. The user will be satisfied by using this good
product.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHlSPU4o3Fz25-BF7pcOAtZBqqrKtEZRivKgXTmkhtcoptFQeUXFv-M72k8KupQOOxOXxAYGuf5i8o4d_53fN9U0liBhmU0_-pXUp5uQZkBmlU_yPaQCGELPuGtt6DWs-k1wAxxMjV6ucT/s1600/2107600-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="173" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHlSPU4o3Fz25-BF7pcOAtZBqqrKtEZRivKgXTmkhtcoptFQeUXFv-M72k8KupQOOxOXxAYGuf5i8o4d_53fN9U0liBhmU0_-pXUp5uQZkBmlU_yPaQCGELPuGtt6DWs-k1wAxxMjV6ucT/s1600/2107600-3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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 Aesthetic : The light is fully surrounded by a plastic material, which
will be strong as fiber. The color of this material is black.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Connectivity : it has the port of micro-USB pin. It is used for charging
the battery kept inside the video shooting light.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbFq5xfbOsuvVa7Y_qDCOIef0pE3ei7McyF28cxoKW4JjFtUFCxQUnMh1lweEnfAcMjkJ7_vYZwrRco4apouDQ6gns4k8bbnElkoSV0nDiivW8YwF6SV_HBsJgPI7mWCqkhSkbWittGKLR/s1600/2107600-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="173" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbFq5xfbOsuvVa7Y_qDCOIef0pE3ei7McyF28cxoKW4JjFtUFCxQUnMh1lweEnfAcMjkJ7_vYZwrRco4apouDQ6gns4k8bbnElkoSV0nDiivW8YwF6SV_HBsJgPI7mWCqkhSkbWittGKLR/s1600/2107600-2.jpg" width="320" /></a> </div>
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Power : The power consumption of this video shooting light is very low.
It only consumes 2W. </div>
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<br /></div>
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Battery : This product consists of battery for its own and high
performance. The capacity of this battery is 350mah. When the battery of this
light is full, then it emits light more no. of time. The battery used here is
rechargeable battery, so that it can be used for long life.The brightness of this product is more than enough.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYIm5Qp0HCx2C4tAB9TfkaEZwGSAvSyHHysQjs1UWrKMZmlvL-aLp3hJhiQVTaGg4NxVFYVPZGaQVuTQXZRmdkW0ua6GqkZPM3reLmyIVp8YkcTbFJW52A7S3m1fb3YIz-2wsMs_c4vogN/s1600/2107600-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="173" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYIm5Qp0HCx2C4tAB9TfkaEZwGSAvSyHHysQjs1UWrKMZmlvL-aLp3hJhiQVTaGg4NxVFYVPZGaQVuTQXZRmdkW0ua6GqkZPM3reLmyIVp8YkcTbFJW52A7S3m1fb3YIz-2wsMs_c4vogN/s1600/2107600-1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
 Dimensions : Height of the video shooting
light is 6cm(60 mm), the weight is very low, mentioned as 31g, depth of this
product is 1.1cm(11mm), and width is 5.4cm(54 mm).</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"> </b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">Product Details : This product consists of one video shooting light, USB cable and adapter. </span>Switch for this video shooting light is given in the back without any disturbance.</div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Buy Online :</span></b> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This product can buy through the
online marketing. It can be delivered all over the world by free
shipping. Though it is a electronic product, it might have some care. So this
product consists of some less amount of delivery charge.  </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
By clicking below, u can directly reach a online shopping. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
To buy, <span style="color: blue;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><a href="http://www.fasttech.com/product/2107600-2w-32-led-330lm-5200k-warm-white-digital-led">Video Shooting LED light</a></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW27YJV-20Z4t0_gA9mz7s0DOfsK8_P0n_cw1058VzwEXBDxMvKmVTf2VD53ZCd9akkS4QToewijyrys2g7nEeBhjQvyPkilXemBUVtOdHZlwbuFmm2f3DqE0OzNzSDT5VtnIv2Ee8RbXx/s1600/images+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="173" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW27YJV-20Z4t0_gA9mz7s0DOfsK8_P0n_cw1058VzwEXBDxMvKmVTf2VD53ZCd9akkS4QToewijyrys2g7nEeBhjQvyPkilXemBUVtOdHZlwbuFmm2f3DqE0OzNzSDT5VtnIv2Ee8RbXx/s1600/images+4.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Return & Replacement policies :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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Return policy : There is a return policy for this product.  The product can be returned only by the proper
definitions. The refund will be issued with in 45 days after enquiry. </div>
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<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
 Replacement policy : There is replacement
policy also available for this product. The replacement is possible when proper
definition is only available. The replacement will be made as soon as possible.
It takes maximum 6 months, and for replacement, again the shipping charges may
apply.      </div>
</div>

Video Shooting light for IPhones

Video Shooting light ( LED) in Warm White for i phone 5s, 5c ,5 This is the article about one of the accessories of Apple(I phone). At...

Light Emitting Diode (LED)

S Boopathy Raja 0 Electrical and Electronics 04:13

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<b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Light
Emitting Diode (LED) : <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Light
Emitting Diode is one of the semiconductor diode, which emits light when a
corrected supply is passed to the LED in a forward direction of the devices. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">History
: <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The first LED (Visible Spectrum) was
invented by the scientist Nick Holonyak jr in the year of 1962. Year by year,
the technology was developing rapidly, means the advantages also increases in
LED’s. The cost of LED’s getting less and the with more quality. In the year of
2011-2012 the manufacturing products increased. LED products replaced other
bulbs by 22% among the world products. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN6GM51h_KrIZWW4tsZaweckv0igudWvz4CiXDLHS5XZV05eIRGn5T7YfcdtqykVLblTHd-m-PjuqCmwqi6GIp_uSkY-3KBK0E3ewtXYj50rfACEnvAyn-hBimL8hhVr90Gtwa4r1lYyQ/s1600/2.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN6GM51h_KrIZWW4tsZaweckv0igudWvz4CiXDLHS5XZV05eIRGn5T7YfcdtqykVLblTHd-m-PjuqCmwqi6GIp_uSkY-3KBK0E3ewtXYj50rfACEnvAyn-hBimL8hhVr90Gtwa4r1lYyQ/s1600/2.jpeg" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGrCaKMTxAW7MGqwCwHGO-rlJm9i4cDwF-xJNazgy2GjRpkPVduIlvWwqRKb7z6ZaDm0Z5b-Qyf79yAFvsBjnk0NoDVeXDca75HqRZAR5oZ1EdTX2sv3CcpBzmO4BIMajKMlEn0l1Q6z8/s1600/1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="130" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGrCaKMTxAW7MGqwCwHGO-rlJm9i4cDwF-xJNazgy2GjRpkPVduIlvWwqRKb7z6ZaDm0Z5b-Qyf79yAFvsBjnk0NoDVeXDca75HqRZAR5oZ1EdTX2sv3CcpBzmO4BIMajKMlEn0l1Q6z8/s1600/1.jpeg" width="200" /></a></div>
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</div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Principle
: </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
basic principle involved in LED ,  in a
solid state material, the form of electroluminescence where incoherent and
narrow-spectrum light is emitted from the PN junction. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">About
: <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">The
emitting  color is based on the
combination and conditions of the semiconductor device used. The emission may
be infra-red, visible, ultra-violet. The size of the light source LED  is less than </span></span><span style="line-height: 18px;">1 square</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> millimeter. Though it’s
a light emitter there are some more useful applications are also available. Some
of them are sterilization of water using 
UV- LED, Disinfection of electronic devices, and as a grow light to
enhance photosynthesis in plants.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></div>
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</div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Specifications
: <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
junctions of the diode must be optimized and the proper semiconductor should be
used to emit light which can be seen externally. Pure gallium arsenide emits
energy in infra red portion of the spectrum. For a visible red color, aluminium
is used in the top of  Gallium arsenide,
which is called is aluminium gallium arsenide. For an emittion of  pure red color  phosphorous is added. Like a same way,
gallium phosphide emits green color, aluminium indium gallium phosphide which
emits orange and yellow color. In common many of the LED’s are based on gallium
semiconductor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Construction
& Working : <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Light 
Emitting  Diode normally consists
of some layer of semiconductor material which s added with some impurities into
a pure semiconductor to form a PN junction. Generally LED’s are constructed
using Gallium arsenide(GaAs), Gallium arsenide phosphide(GaAsP), or Gallium
phosphide(GaP) and other group like III-V components. These above mentioned
semiconductor are called as direct band gap semiconductor which forms compound
junction between them. The common semiconductors like silicon and germanium is
a simple element called indirect band gap semiconductor which forms simple
junction between them. It does not emit light like direct gap semiconductor.
Instead of light, heat will be released from that LED’s. </span></div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The diagram of LED is shown below to
this paragraph. When the LED is in forward bias, the electrons flows through
N-type to P-type materials and the currents flows through P-type to N-type and
it will not happens in the reverse direction. When the electrons meet the holes
at the junction the electrons gets fall from higher energy band to lower energy
band and it automatically gets recombined with the hole. The energy is released
in the form of photon of wavelength which is equal to band gap of the
semiconductor due to the recombination.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Advantages of Light Emitting Diode : <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Normally the life time of LED is high
comparing the other Light Emitters. It works for 50,000 hours or more than that
if it is engineered properly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The energy efficiency is high, which has the
capacity to emit up to 135 lumens/watt.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Using LED we can use it in the directed place,
so that there is no wastage of light energy. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">LED does not bother about the temperature, as
it works in any of the temperature(high temperature or low temperature).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It emits light instantly, in nano seconds.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">LED are also called as Solid State
Lighting(SSL). These are made using  solid
material and not  using filament, tube,
bulb which is breakable.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">LED’s are pollutions free, since the harmful
substances are not used here.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">There are some of the colors in LED like red,
orange, blue, white, yellow and it can be easily controlled.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It can be used in many ways such as
lights(collections of LED), Television, Mobile displays, watches, etc…<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Disadvantages : <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The cost of the LED’s are currently more
expensive as it is calculated using lumen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">On seeing the total cost of the
LED’s(including energy consumption and maintenance cost) and the other light
emitters made up of halogen source, incandescent, the LED’s cost is high. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">LED’s can shift their colors due to its age
performance and temperature.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The correct voltage should be supplied to
LED’s in a constant flow, if not then it gets failure.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> In some
cases, the same color gets changed in characteristics which affects the color
coding in a serial connections.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">How
to find the positive and negative terminal of a LED ?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">There will be two terminals in LED. In that
two, one of the terminals is bigger than the other. The bigger one is the
positive terminal and the other one is negative terminal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<br />
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
</div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">The unknown info about LED’s : <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">LED’s
are used in a wide range of applications, because of its several
characteristics in our day  today life.
Some of the places where LED’s used , Traffic signals, Television, and many of
the displays on our surroundings(shopping mall, shops, etc,..). There will not
be any waste of energy in using LED’s. because it emits a light in a single
direction on its way.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">LED’s
does not contains any harmful materials like mercury, fluorescent and it
reduces the environment impacts while using LED’s. The usage of more LED’s
reduces the carbon emission in the approximate range of 1800 millions metric
tons.  <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">From
the year of 2012, many Americans started to use LED’s by knowing the advantages
of LED’s. approximately it saves $650 millions in their annual cost on energy. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Light Emitting Diode (LED)

Light Emitting Diode (LED) : Light Emitting Diode is one of the semiconductor diode, which emits light when a corrected supply is passe...

Motor and its Types

S Boopathy Raja 0 Electrical and Electronics 03:24

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<b><span style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">MOTOR<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Motor is an
electrical machine where AC motor works only in AC supply and DC motor only works in DC supply. There are many different
types of motor in the world. Generally the motor works in the form of
interaction between magnetic fields and winding current.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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                                                </div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Motor’s
History :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The first
electric motor is simple electrostatic device, which is invented by Scottish
monk in the year 1740. Following the old one Andre-Marie Ampere was discovered
the interaction of electric current and magnetic field in the year 1820. This
interaction is called as Ampere’s Force Law. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Electrical
energy into mechanical energy conversion by Electromagnetic was discovered by
the British scientist Michael Faraday in the year 1821. Jedlik was a scientist
who introduced the three main parts of the DC Motor. The three main parts of
the DC Motor are Stator, Rotor, Commutator. Now a days, the motor which is
manufactured by using these three parts. 
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Principle of
Motor :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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 <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A Motor is a Electrical Machine which
converts an electrical energy into mechanical energy. It works in the
principle, when current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it
results in  mechanical force. And its
direction is given by Fleming Left Hand Rule.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Types of
Motor :</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Generally
the Electric motor is classified into two types. They are<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 135.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">AC Motor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">      
</span>DC Motor</div>
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<u><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">AC Motor:</span></u><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It is an
electric machine which works only in AC i.e., Alternating current. AC motor
consists of two main components. They are Stator and Rotor.  Stator is a outside stationary part of the
motor which consists of coils supplied with AC voltage to produce a magnetic
field by rotating. Inside Rotor is used to produce a second rotating magnetic
field by attached  to the output shaft.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<u><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></u></div>
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<u><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">DC Motor
:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Basically DC
Motor is splited  , one is Brushed DC
Motor and another is Brushless DC motor. A Brushed DC motor producing a torque
from DC source. The Stator field was formed by the stationary permanent
magnets. By using Lorentz Force, a force experienced by an external magnetic
field using current carrying conductor. A Brushless DC Motor uses rotating
magnet in a rotor and in stator stationary current(coil) magnets is used.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8758910753752108400" name="_GoBack"></a> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">There are
some of the classifications in both AC and 
DC motors. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The types of
AC motors are :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">                    1. Synchronous Motor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">                    2</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">. Induction Motor.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The types of
DC motors are : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">                   1. Separately Excited DC
motor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">                   2. Self Excited DC motor. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In this two
types of DC motor, Self Excited motor consists of three. They are shunt motor,
series motor, and compound motor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Here the
types of AC and DC types of motors have been explained in the below.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1.Synchronous  Motor :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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 <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It’s the motor which is developed in the year
1925. The other name of this motor is Selsyn Motor. Here the </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">basic of this
motor will be explained .</span><b><span style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Construction :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The construction of this motor is
similarly as same as salient pole alternator. The synchronous motor which only
runs in alternating current. Synchronous motor which always runs in constant
speed at any stage such as motor with load and without load. When this motor is
operating under certain conditions, the</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> low power factor of an inductive load can be corrected
easily.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Synchronous motor</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: TA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> has been designed in
many sizes in different horse power. This motor is designed in both single
phase and also in thre</span><span style="font-family: "times-roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> phase.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Working :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Stator
phase of the motor are mentioned by three wounded windings, which is placed in
the angle of 120 degree. The Rotor consists of field winding, Damper
winding,  which is placed under the poles
of rotor. The field windings and the damper windings are placed under the poles
of rotor and center of the rotor. To represent the path of induced the rotor
current, the two damper windings are short circuited. Mostly the Synchronous
motors are operated as a generator where the positive stator current flows out
from the machine. Thereby the positive electromagnetic torque represents to the
operation of generator and the negative electromagnetic torque represents to
the operation of motor.   <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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                                        </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Advantages :</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Synchronous motor is mechanically more stable, since it has
been constructed with large air gaps than the induction motor.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The
electromagnetic power varies linearly gets changes in synchronous motor
according to the voltage.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Normally
synchronous motor works with more efficiency, specially in unity power factor
and low speed compared to Induction motor.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The main
application of synchronous motor is to control the power factor.  Synchronous motor can be operated in parallel
to Induction motor which have leading power factor. The other lagging power
factor improves the system power factor.</span></li>
</ul>
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<b><span style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Disadvantages : <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Continuous maintenance of
Collector rings and brushes are more important.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Synchronous motor is not eligible for frequent starting and high starting
torque.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The synchronism among stator and rotor, 
lost its magnetic field and comes to rest position at the time of
working beyond its capacity.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Synchronous motor doesn’t gets started when the load is connected to it.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The cost of a single KW is high compared to induction motor.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Synchronous motor needs some arrangements for starting and it is not self
starting motor.</span></li>
</ul>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2. Induction Motor :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Induction
motor is a electrical machine, and it is one of the type of AC motor. This the
motor which is cheaper and the maintenance is easy and low compared to other
types of alternating motor. It is widely used in homes, offices, workshops. The
cost of this motor is low and the maintenance is less , and the construction of
this motor is very simple.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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                               </div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Generally induction
motor is differentiated into two category. They are single phase induction
motor and three phase induction motor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Construction :</span> (</b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Single phase induction motor</span><b>)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
construction of single phase induction motor is similarly as same as three
phase induction motor. Instead if squirrel cage, stator is wound in a motor.
Starting windings are provided for Stator windings, starting windings are used
only for initial purpose only.</span></div>
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</div>
 <b><span style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Working :</span> (</b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Single phase induction motor</span><b>)</b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Induced
current is produced in the rotor bars, when AC flows through rotor windings.
The alternating flux is also produced by induced current. Though there is two
alternating flux produced, it doesn’t start rotation. It requires some external
force to initiate the motor, after initiating the motor it reaches the maximum
speed and there will be continuous motion.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b>                <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Construction :</span> (</b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Three phase induction motor</span><b>)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This motor
also consists of stator and rotor. The stator will be in stationary part and
the rotor will be a rotating part. There will be some air-gap which is produced
in-between the stator and rotor.  Stator
is made up of steel and the steel laminations are kept inside the iron frame.
The rotating magnetic field is produced when AC supply is passed. By the same
way while AC supply is allowed to pass through the rotor, then the rotating
magnetic field will be produced</span>.</div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Working :</span></b> <b>(</b>Three phase
induction motor<b>)</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">As
mentioned, that the single phase motor is not a self starting but the three
phase induction motor is a self staring motor. There is no external force to
start the this machine. Here the three phase lines are placed in 120 degree
phase difference. Hence the rotating magnetic field will have the same phase
difference which makes the rotor to move. Consider the three phase X,Y,Z  and if X phase is magnetized then the rotor
will move towards the phase winding X. after a moment Y gets magnetized and the
rotor will gets attracted by phase Y. Then this process will continues foe Z
also.</span>   </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Advantages :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In
absence of slip rings, commutator, and brushes cost of construction is less.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The
maintenance cost of this motor is less since it doesn’t</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">  </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">consists of brushes.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Induction
motor can be use in any of the polluted places and environment as it does not
consist of brushes which causes sparks.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Three phase induction motor does not consists of
any external force for staring the motor</span></li>
</ul>
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<o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>

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